733667-001-020

:";: ~?-i;:{~J. ' ' . > ·' " ,<. ' ' .. ' ' .. _, . . . ; ~. ' .. '.•. : . . , .. . " ' \>I I : .. ·~:, '. ' ' .. ~ ,. ' . ,, . ! ....... ' • \ • './ : :~ ... , · • 1' . ...... , . '·" . ."': ' ' ,.· ·.·1'·:: ·\ ·,, , .· . . .t. : : • / , . 1 ' . ·· . :.· '.'' ',r', .r • . .' · .. '' ' .'·, .· , .• ~'. , :, ... : • ( , • . · ' '1 ' 't-I .') , ' , •' f'~i ,' '1~ . I .-:. . . . ~· ·. ' , ... '.' ,·_ ·.:•\ .< _, ·, .. · ·" , . ... \ I'• • · 1 l J. , I , ... i'• '·i • I I~ . ; ' ·,· I, \ "' ' •, f,,~ I ~ 't _, •. ~ • IC I,,"'." . .... · • ' ,,' 1 . ·.· .; :> .. · ·'~ "'· Paul Steucke FAA Public Affairs 701 C Street, Box 14 Anch. AK 99513 March 5 , 1987 UNCORRELATED RADAR SIGNALS Radar data received by the FAA and used to track Japan Airlines flight 1628 on the night of the November 17, 1986, was retained by FAA. Review of this radar data by FAA experts using identical equipment at the FAA's research technical center in Atlantic City, New Jersey, revealed that the radar system was receiving what is called an "uncorrelated primary and beacon target". This electronic phenomena is not unusual according to Steucke who said, "It is unfortunate that the uncorrelated target phenomena. occurred just when a pilot was reporting seeing something outside his aircraft. The controller's statements, released by the FAA, indicate that they thought there might be another aircraft or object in the area of the JAL flight. Steucke said, "The controllers were doing their job right because they have to work with what is right there in front of them on the screen, especially when you have a Captain that is reporting "other traffic" in his illiTlediate area. The radar data they had was one target, moving slowly across the radar screen. They don't have the benefit of "monday morning quarterbacking" with multiple radar images as was the case in regenerating the radar data." Review of the radar data by FAA experts revealed the "uncorrelated target" phenomena. FAA electronic technicians explained that an "uncorrelated primary and beacon target" on the radar screen occurs when the radar energy that is sent up toward the aircraft, (primary signal) returns to the radar receiver along with the aircraft transponder (beacon) signal and the two do not match up as being at the same exact location. II IJ IJ / UNCORRELATED RADAR SIGNALS An "uncorrelated primary and beacon(secondary) return on a radar screen occurs when the radar energy that is sent up toward the aircraft (primary signal) returns off the surface of the aircraft at a slightly different moment than fhe beacon (secondary) transponder signal and the two do not match up as being at the same place or same computer radar cell. --~~~~~~~~111L--~~~~~~~~~ --RADAR COMPUTER CELL, 1/4 MILE-- --,/'- SECONDARY RADAR RETURN (Beacon) (Transponder) --11 FAA RADAR Drawing by Paul Steucke March 5 , 1987 SAME AIRCRAFT (Skin- Surface) RADAR CELL =PRIMARY RADAR RETURN =SECONDARY RADAR RETURN =CORRELATED RETURN (Combined Return) =UNCORRELATED RETURN / Memorandum U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Subject: INFORMATION: Description of Radar Split Image; AAL-5 Meno of 2/5/87 From Manager, Airway Facilities Division, AAL-400 To Public Affairs Officer, AAL-5 Date: Reply to Attn. of FEB 2 7 1987 'Ihis letter transmits our analysis of the radar targets associated with JAL flight 1628, on November 17, 1986, arrl supplements discussions we have had~ what has been referred. to as "split ima.ges". We concur with the interpretation provided to you by the Alaskan Region Air Traffic Division. 'Ihe attached Analysis of Uncorrelated Primacy arrl Beacon Targets by Dennis Sima.ntel covers the subject in :rrore detail, an:l addresses the questions raised in your letter. Paul, I appreciate the team approach you have taken to more fully un:ierstarrl a complex issue. 'Ihe issue is an excellent example of how "interdeperrlent" we are. If we can provide any more infonnation, please 7LiC. David F. Morse Attaclnrent ......., -..a ::0 ~ ,....,, rn CD ·= CJ ....... rn - -< ,_ ni CJ r..._.J ··-.. , / ANALYSIS OF UNCORRELATED PRIMARY AND BEACON TARGETS (JAL-1628, 11/17/86 AKST) Approximately 61 minutes of data was extracted from the EARTS CDR printouts relating to the November 18 incident involving JAL-1628 and the alleged UFO sighting. Review of the data involving this incident did not show any abnormalities that could be associated with any type of target as indicated by the pilot-of JAL-1628. Radar returns from the aircraft and surrounding terrain vary with the different segments of the flight, but are considered normal for the area. Returns relating to the incident can be categorized as three types: primary radar reinforced by a beacon reply (primary radar returns and beacon returns are both evident in the same 1/4 mile range cell), beacon only reply and beacon with an associated radar reply. Seventy-two percent of the replies were radar with beacon reinforcement (same range cell) which is normal for the Murphy dome radar system. Approximately 25 percent were beacon only and of those that registered as beacon only, 90 percent of those had a primary only reply within 1/8 of a mile, either ahead or behind the beacon target (.-8" behind, .l-2"' ahead) . ~ ~/3/137 ~ 13 These uncorrelated primary returns are not uncommon, due to the critical timing associated with the delay adjustments in the aircraft transponder for beacon systems and the target correlation circuitry within the radar equipment. When an aircraft is being interrogated as it passes through the beginning of adjacent range cells the intricate timing between the two systems very often is off just enough to declare both a beacon and a radar target in different range cells, resulting in uncorrelated radar replies. The data derived from the JAL-1628 flight is representative of the data from another aircraft in the same general area and is considered normal. February 25, 1987 -us. ""Dennis R. Simantel ZAN-AAL-ARTCC , / ::i,;;....-, -~-·--·-~--· - Pius: PENN'S PROFESSOR OF: PETS/ HERO OF STYLE: NANCY REAGAN J . r - . THE UFO THAT CAN'-J 'Bi: EXPIJ F or nearly an hotir, a huge, unrecognizable something, perforining amazing maneuvers, followed JAL Flight No. 1628 over Alaska~ Veteran pilots saw it. Three differnnt radar scopes tracked it. · And once it disappeared, it still wasn't gone ... · --. ·~·· .. --~{ ;::\~~~ -... · ... ~ .. - -...- -------~-~....._ ____ __ I I ... AINED :-... · .... :..:. ·, ; I // . ,' ! ,/ ;.'' ; TIE PIUT'S IRIWll&S "Two epKellllpa end a . mott.wNp." .. how Miillor .IAL Capt. Kenju Tenuchl dMCrtbed what tailed ..... Boelng747 .... drawlnp·for lbl Feder8I Aviation Adr111l111iaballoutt0w two ....... ftlckertng bracelet- • • oblecta (top lnMt), tM llghls ha dw:rtbed • "flylng nazzlB," • ltlef ·mppeared In . .... wlndlNeld of ..... 8lrcnft. The enannoaa ..,_with • ·Ip .round the llllddle, the colol9al .. of twO-aircraft csriln, _..,... .. compantlwely tlnJ jlmnbojet. .. . ., By MARGUERITE DELGIUDICE HE OTHER UFO MYSTERY out of Alaska happened some winters ago when the citiz.enry of Aricliorage erupted with reports of Wavering lights floating high in the night sky. The.duty officers at the Federal Aviation Administration were going wild. The public affairs guy wu up all night on the phone. The wavering lightballs were being reported everywhere -it was weird, and people were getting zooey. Somebody called up the control tower at Anchorage International, and the tow- er said, Well, they look like balloons to us. So the reporters immediately went to the hot-air-J;>alloon people and said, Have you been flymg balloons?, and it just so happened that all the hot-air-balloon people had just held a banquet and every single one of them was there, accounted for - so that blew that theory. It was .a nig~tmare, until some FAA e~ploy~ ~tli teenagers started coming up to the public affaJ?S guy, Paul Steucke, saymg things m the hallways like, "Uh, Paul, my kid tells me. ... " It turns out that the teenagers had devised an inventive way to amuse themselves in the biting, dry, desperately uneventful Alaskan winter at 20 below. They would take those flimsy bags from the dry cleaners and fashion a contraption involving thin cardboard with a votive candle stuck to it and soda straws strung together in the shape of an X. If you light the candle and breathe into the bag, the thing will fill with light and float in a wavery glow all the way up to 5,000 feet. The teenagers would send up six of these over half a mile, confounding the adults with manufactured lightballs. The news was a huge relief. Some bags finally turned up hanging off telephone wires -Paul Steucke took pictures - and that was the most captivating event to emerge from the vast Far North in many years. Until news broke last Christmastime that would prove far more troublesome to explain: A veteran Japan Air Lines pilot in a jumbo jet reported being shadowed for almoet an hour bY something that looked and behaved like nothing he had experi· enced in his 29 years in the skies. His report began, 1Wo thousand years ago, if a hunter saw a TV, how did he describe it to other people? My experience was similar to this .... It created many questions that a human being cannot Cl118Wer. His name was Capt. Kenju TerauchL · The crew was shaken but stable -and convinced they had seen something that could be neither ignored nor readily ex- plained. But no ham! had been done, and at first all the FAA appeared to have on ;ts hands were highly credible people reporting highly incredible things -fa&. cinating, but inconclusive. The scant files on the matter dropped quietly to the bottom of the investigation heap, and the sighting seemed destined to go down as just one of thoee crazy Alaskan things. Of course, that's not what happened. For Capt. Terauchi had unwittingly set in motion a sequence of events that would subject him to international attention - to excited curiosity and gawking and ridicule -and absorb the FAA in proba- bly the biggest UFO controversy to be aired in the public domain since the Air Force got out of the UFO business in 1969. Let's backtrack to that baffling Mon- day in November, around suppertime in the northern siies of Alaska, where the sun disappears until the middle of March. ... MARGUERITE DEL GIUDICE i3 an Inquirer rtaff r.mter. JAPAN AIR LINES FLIGHT NO. 1628. a Boeing 747 - a "heavy" -left Iceland bound for Anchorage on the afternoon of Nov. 17, flying above 30,000 feet and under a nearly full moon. It was the middle leg of a Paris-to-Tokyo cargo delivery. A big load of Beaujolais wine had been picked up in Paris the day before, along with Capt.· Kenju Terauchi, First Officer Takanori Tamefuji and Flight Engineer Y oshio Tsukuba -who rode with the wine to Iceland and spent the night at a new hotel where the beds were too small. The nert day, they took the fuel- efficient Great Circle Route over the pole. An unstable air current shook the plane for about two hours; otherwise, the flight was uneventful But then they crossed the Canadian-Alaskan border and headed to- ward Fort Yukon. Thirty-five thousand feet below, Carl Henley was placing them on his radar scope. The FAA's Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Center hummed with a calm intensity and glowed in radar green -the climate of an inner sanctum. Henley's a big, mustachioed fellow from Arkansas with wavy black hair and seven years' experience as a controller. This was his sixth day of work, an overtime shift. He directed 1628 to fly directly to Tal- keetna, and it was at this point, .as the plane turned left in response, that the crew headed dead into their curious cloee encounter. At first, whatever it was looked-to the crew ju.st like a couple of lights, moving off in the distance. The lights.could have been fighter jets or special aircraft on special missions. The crew ignored them. But the lights didn't go away, so First Officer Tamefuji radioed to ground con- trol to find out whether anybody else was up there with them. When Henley told him no, Tamefuji replied in halting-but- adequate Engliah, "Ah, we in sight two traffic in front of us, one mile about." A little too close for comfort. Henley wanted to know if it was mili- tary or civilian, but the crew couldn't telL !NQUIREll . ' - They did see what looked like navigation- al lights, strobe lights. ~ Roger, sir. Say the color of the strobe-and beacon lights? .IAI..: The color is white and yellow, I th.ink. Now that was odd. White and yellow, but no red, the international color for aircraft beacons. THERE WERE THIN AND SPOTTY clouds near the mountain below the plane. The air current was steady, the sky was clear as a windshield, and Terauchi thought the flying conditions were quite pleasant. · Thell the two lights started maneuver- ing like two bear cubs playing with eo.ch other, Terauchi would write later. He had to try to take a picture of this -maybe someone else would know what it was. Flight Engineer Tsukuba handed Ter- auchi his camera bag, and a comedy of errors began. Terauchi's Minolta Alpha 7000 was loaded with ASA 100 film, intended for outdoor daytime scenery on the ground, and here he was flying through the shadows of the sky, six miles up, in a darkened cockpit. It would never work. He aimed. The autofocus lens whirred in and out, open and closed, like a dilating pupil -it wouldn't set a focus in the dark. He switched to manual focus, but the shutter wouldn't release. Then the plane started to shudder, and he couldn't hold tha camera still I placed my camera back in the camera bag and concentrated on observing the lights. The crew was fixated on these objects, not knowing what to think. Then the experience turned hairy-the things come at them, stopped in front of our face, shooting off lights .... The inside of the cockpit shone bright- ly, like a small den with a big TV, and Terauchi felt warmth on his face. These things were big, at least the size of a DC-8. He thought he might be flying into the rear end of some aircraft, into a midair collision. The ships appeared to hover in front of the jumbo jet, then flew in level flight at the same speed, slightly higher, 1,000 feet away - a stone's throw by the distance rule of the sky. Terauchi could see what looked like exhaust pipes, and rotating rows of amber and white lights in the middre of theiie flying nozzles. Something about them reminded him of a charcoal fire. No manmade machine could do what these objects were doing, Terauchi thought. Flying in tandem around a jumbo jet hurtling through space at 550 miles an hour? It made no sense. ' For three to five minutes, the ships stayed in formation with the jumbo jet, then moved forward and off to the left. HOIU!lltl)', we were simply breathtaken. The fear of a midair colliaion had passed. We probably would htwe felt more in danger and would have been prepared to aoope if the 1pacahips were ahaking un- lteadily or were unable to ltop the11111elves. But there was nothing unsteady about these 'aifships -their maneuvers were flawless. · continued on next page 15 / ~-lrom~17 S 0 NOW YOU SEE WHAT the captain and the FAA had gotten themselves into. Dor.ens of ti.mes, day after. day, the phone rang in Paul Steuclte's office: NBC in New York. Radio Hawaii Star Magazine. Canadian Broadcasting. The Sunday Lon- don Mirror. The French News Agency. The Washington office of TRUD, the Soviet National Daily Newspaper. National Public Ra- dio. People magazine. Public response was so great that the FAA decided to inter- view the JAL crew a serond·ti.me and review the radar tapes. And Steucke started thinking strat- egy. What was the FAA's role and responsibility? What did it know? The fust officer and the flight engineer again corroborated the captain's dramatic report. But the FAA decided that the radar tapes did not -necessarily. The object on radar was now thought to be an accidental split image of the JAL 747, Steucke said, and -' . not a aeparate object-damiliai radar quirk. The people at FJ- mendorf. meanwhile, emphasised that their radar signals hadn't lasted long enOugh to be con- firmed, aDd they attributed the apparent hits to coincidental electronic clutter. The calls kept coming. Steucke kept getting new bits of material, and the thread of the story kept wandering. He felt as if he were "blowing up a balloon" --each ti.me he doled out a bit of infor- mation, the story got bigger. He was constantly looking for holes in the data and trying to stay ahead of the reporters -not always with success. Hal Bemton, for one, of the Anchorage Daily News. After the FAA explained its double radar signal as a "split beacon," Bemtoo tracked down controller Sam Rieb, who told him that three controllers had seen a radar image of an object near 1628 that night, and "all three of us thought ·there was a track," or aircraft. (That would be Rieb, Henley and John ABI- -~'WliOW~in tO help oufJ The track· may not' haft been very mong, Rich told Bern- t.on, but none of the controllerB at the time thooght it might be a split . of the 747. si: called Rich in for a chat. He made Rieb aware of the awkward position he had put the other controllers in -speaking for them without their knowl- edge. And from then on, Rieb referred interview requests to Steucke's office, where· reporters were informed that Rich didn't want to talk. A message also went out over the FAA employees' "code-a-phones" at work, warn- ing that reporters would hound them on this story and that FAA policy required them to go through public affairs. Steucke worried that thia mix- up made him look bad. One day he's saying only one controller had handled 1628, and now he finds out there were five, counting supervisors, and they seemed to be disputing the FAA's publicly stated position! What in the world was everybody gcing to think'! ""' At least he. wasn't handling an air crash.The subject matter1'as fascinating, and things kept hap- pening. Early on Jan. . 11, for instance, Capt. Terauchi again reported seeing unusual lights while flying over Al8sk.a. Once he landed and learned the location of a reported temperature inver- sion, he provided an explanation: AB he ~ew near Arctic Village, the town lights had gotten distorted by bouncing off ice crystals cre- ated when cold air got sand- wiched between two layers of warm air. Not a rare phenome- non. But, initially, the informa- tion was presented as if the FAA had come up with the explana- tion. Teraucbi complained to re- porter Hal Bernton, aware that it made him look like a crackpot. Hank Elias, the Alaska air- traffic manager, felt bad for the captain. A pilot is always seeing things in the sky, be says, because that's where he's looking all the ti.me. "You see things," he says, "and you rationalize." That's a star, that's another airplane, that's a navigational beacon. So the captain aee9 something, andit ·- doesn't look like anythilig he's seen in 29 yeai8 of' flying. Then, says Elias, he's "got to look at everything else real critical from now on . .. the poor guy's got to take a real hard look and say, 'Is that another one?'" Inside the FAA offices, mean- while, the attitude was, I can't believeiit. What is all this interest? But the sighting also generated wonder: For all anyone knew, the United States or the Soviet Union was testing some advanced ex- perimental craft -what better place? Or maybe there was a physical explanation, beyond our current awareness, as meteorites once were, and radioactivity, atomic fission, the anomalous motion of the perihelion of Mer- cury. And was it likely that in all the vast universe, only Earth would be singled out for life? "We all carry with us the seed of the J>')8Sibility that what Capt. Terauchi described could actual- ly have been there," says Steucke. "The debunkers are trying to keep us honest At the same ti.me, / I ALASKA • TIE EllCIUllTElt 1. The wighting began near the border between.Alaka and Canada. Just two lights. z. Over Fort Yukon, as the.JAL crew descended to 31,000 feet, they reported being followed In formation. 3. They turned In a clrcle over Fairbank• to shake whatever It was. But the obfect stllyed with them. 4. Anally,. after. SO mlnutn, It disap- peared near Talkeetna, heed- ing due eat toward CanadL assm.•11111 The small d~I slashes rep~ JAL Right No . . 1821 a It appeared on .the FAA's radar scope. At: first, the FAA Aid the . ttny dots next to the slashes repreeented another obfect or ob)9cts. Then, after reviewing the radar· tllpn, the agency llild the lmaga lookid llke "spit bHcons" - ac:c:ldental Khoee of the fumbo" jet ltMlf, famlllar radar quirks that )Uat happened to"colnclde wfth the crew's visual reports. -con~ued fr.ori\·prevlous page ROUND RADAR HADN'T registered anything near 1628, so nothing was likely to show up on the cockpit's weaker X-band weather scope. But the captain set the distance range to 20 miles -and to his sur- prise, something popped · ·up. A large, green, round object, seven or eight miles away, in the direction of the thing outside his window. Henlef. Japan Air 1628. Do you still have visual contact with the traffic? JAL: Affirmative ... we have radar contact. . . . And then, so did Henley - a radar hit about five to eight miles from 1628. He radioed Elmendorf Air Force Base, and the controller there reported picking up something, too -a weak return about eight miles ahead of 1628, at 10 o'clock. It lasted a minute, minute and a half. Radio interference, and an object seeming to register on three different radar scopes. What was this? JAL: It's, ah, I think, ah, a very quite big, ah, plane. Fort Yukon was diagonally below and to the right of 1628, and the setting sun painted the sky in a reddish stripe. The east side, the side where the objects were, was still pitch dark. We had no fears so far but began to worry, since we had no. idea for their purpose .... Up ahead they could see lights from Eielson Air Force Base and Fairbanks. The lights were e:ctremely bright to eyes that were used to the dark. How bright it was! We were just above the bright city lights, and we checked ... behind us. Alas! therewas a silhooette of a gigantic space- ship. We /TIUBt run away quickly! JAL: Japan Air 1628. Ah, request de- scent ... request three one zero. Henley: Japan . . . 1628 heavy. Descend at pilot discretion. . .. Do you still have your traffic? JAL: Still, ah, coming, ah, ah, right formation, in, ah, formation. Henley: Japan Air 1628 heavy ... devi- ations approved as necessary for traffic. When we checked our rear, there was still t he ship following us .... We had to get away from that object. A globular craft with a lip around the middle, the colossal size of two aircraft carriers laid end to end. What could it possibly want -the Beaujolais? Henley: Japan Air 1628 heavy. Sir. I'm going to request you to make a right turn, three six zero degrees, three-hundred- and-sixty-degree turn. And advise me what your traffic does then. JAL: Right turn, three sixty. We ... set to tum right on a 30-degrees bank. We looJred to our right forward but dUJ. rwt see any light. It had disappeared. We were relieved ... we returned to lel)el flight. &t when we checked to our rear, the object was still there -in e:cactly the same place. On the ground, Carl Henley was glued to his radar scope. You're not supposed to have unknowns in air traffic control M>y~.1987 .... •J There isn't much room fo'r error, ana the system relies on an unquestioned mutual trust between controller and pilot. A controller baa feelings about an airplane, even though it's just a little slaah on a scope. When he's talking to a pilot, he's inside the cockpit with him. This 747 waa reporting unidentifiable aircraft, and Henley's job was to get him safely away. He and the other controllers assumed they were tracking a second aircraft. , "I never thought of it as a UFO," he would say later. VETERAN CONTROLLER SAM RICH returned from a lunch break and took over communications with the military so Henley could devote all his attention to 1628. Elmendorfradioed over that "on some other equipment here we have con- firmed there is a flight, size of two," around 1628. Rich: Is he following him? Elmendorf: It looks like he is, yes. Oh, God .... Henley radioed the news to JAL and asked if the crew wanted the military to scramble on the i.raffic. JAL: Negative, negative. Uneasy as he was, the pilot didn't want to chance someone else getting hurt try- ing to help him and his crew. Euen the F- 15 with the newest technology had no guarantee of safety against the creature with an unknown degree of scientific tech· nology. We flew toward Talkeetna .. . . The spaceship was still following us, not leaving us at all. The FAA shift supervisor, Er land Ste- phens, a lean, older fellow with a graying reddish beard who is given to string ties and cowboy boots, thought a lost aircraft might be following 1628's lights into Anchorage. "His radio and navigation might have quit," Stephens figured. So he followed procedure and alerted the U.S. Customs office at Anchorage International, and somebody called Hank Eliaa -the transplanted Oklahoman who's in charge of the F AA's air traffic division in Alaska. Elias couldn't know whether it was a system failure or a life-threatening situa- . tion. And the proximity of the Soviet Union was always a factor -it could be an exotic experimental craft, or a defect- ing jet. The U.S.S.R is so close to the United States up there that two guys in eight months had illegally walked acr088 the frozen Bering Strait from the Alaskan island of Little Diomede to the Soviet island of Big Diomede. The Soviet Union likes to send its Bear bombers into Alas- kan air space, carrying electronic snoop- ing devices and sometimes missiles, and the United States likes to send its latest F-15s to intercept and escort them off. They listen to each other's radio trans- missions, obtain radar frequencies, try to determine the capabilities of each other's aircraft. Sometimes, a Soviet fighter will tuck in so tight behind the tail of a com.merical airliner that the pilot never even knows. And if the Soviet.jet shows up on radar,.he'll register, sporadically, only as a little dot - looking just like "a • split beacon," an accidental split image, • of the airliner. Shadowing, it's called. Over the phone, Elias grilled the fellow who called: What did the pilot do, say, ----, J ~ atthe~Derry dlova ;,c. • .. llfe? Did,the:cent8rh1Mllly:flfeMplaDs ic -and tricmno shake. Steucke wa8 on mybody this could Ile. · oft? tO a hotel ip Anchorage where_ a -. 'going to haVe 8!-mtich trouble getting iid~ ~ Do you still'have the traffic? ' security guy from Waahing'ton WU aiay-. ·of it u the JAL crew had with whatever .&AL: Affirmative. Nine o'clock. · -ing-Dave Smith, manager of the F AA's those fenatjous lights were ~t had shad- Investigations and Security Division, who owed them. WHATEVER HAD SHOWED UP ON wu in town to talk about drug-monitor- Of coorse, mOst inquiries clime.from the military radar wasn't there anymore. ing programs. Derry had spent the day- reporte?S. But Steucke just took that as a And Henley wasn't seeing much, either. showing him around. He took Smith for reliable reflection of. genuine curiosity He had never really gotten a good track coffee, told him all about the sighting, and among average citizens -the reporters on whatever it was. United Airlines Flight the two men mused over the bewildering were only acting on their behalf, as scouts. No. 69 had just taken off from Anchorage; things that sometimes happen in the vast Before long, Steucke started hearing · it was in the same air zone as 1628. Henley open terrain of the far Far North, in rumblings from afar that higher-ups in radioed the pilot to go take a look around America's last frontier. the FAA were queasy about any associa- 1628, and a Totem C-130 military flight - tion with unidentified flying objects. The with extra gas offered to fly over as well. OR WEEKS, NOTffiNG agency's image might be tarnished. Up in the JAL cockpit, 1628 could happened. Steucke had split for Alaska 12 years make out the United airliner. The two The FAA inspectors already ago, to get away from the commutes and planes flashed landing lights et each had their hands full with far hassles of the East Coast, and word of the other, and the United pilot advised more pressing cases, crashes honchos' uneaeiness made him yearn to ground control that he could see 1628, set in which people had died, and go paint pictures -his evocation. He against a light background. the JAL sighting got banished started to wonder where he was treading, We were flying the east side of Mount to the bottom of the investiga-how far he ~ould go. McKinley .... We knew that they were tions pile. Out of sight, it was Like Capt. Terauchi, Steucke bad en- watching us. When the United plane came out of mind -until the day tered the dangerous arena into which are by our side, the spaceship di8appeared before Christmas, when Paul cast all those who dare to publicly involve .suddenly, and there was nothing but the Steucke got a phone call from themselves with unidentified flying ob- light of the moon. Shokichi Kibe, an Anchorage restaura- jects. UFO indicates just that, a flying Neither United nor the Totem C-130 teur and correspondent for the Kyodo object that is aimply unidentified, regard- saw a thing, other than the JAL jumbo jet. News Service of Japan. less of speculation about its origin. But to Whatever it was had split -instanta- It seems that Capt. Terauchi's spell-many, the term has come to suggest the neously, it seemed to the crew -toward binding report was the talk of the cockpit flying saucers of supermarket tabloids. the east, toward Canada. among Japanese pilots. The London bu-Those who ehow interest riek being la- reau chief for KNS, Hir08hi lguchi, had beled as true-believers in visitors from HE STUNNED CREW gotten '!ind of it from some Japanese oUter space, intelleciual flyweights, or of Flight No. 1628 landed fliers he was friendly with, and he had just birdbrains with plenty of room up- about 6:25 p.m. on Runway interviewed the captain at the Forum stairs to rent. To avoid ridicule, most 6R at Anchorage Intema- Hotel, a JAL haunt, when Terauchi flew serious researchers have retreated to the tional, ending a ~minute through London in December. Soon KNS shadows and keep· their mouths shut ordeal that was terrifying was dispatching Shokichi Kibe to confirm about what could be going on in the and fantastic. Henley im-. the story with Steucke. The forgotten seemingly infinite universe. mediately took a breather JAL sighting was about to be raised from Capt. Terauchi probably would have to clear the knots out of his the dead. been wiser to do that; he could have gut. With "questions in my "Somebody~ picked up pretty good spared himaelf the phone calls, the rub- mind that I couldn't an- information," said Steucke, a lean, silver- bernecking, the mockery. But by all ac- swer," he sat down to write haired career government employee, like counts he is an honest and forthright his report, as the head of security for the his father before him, who drives a white man. By doing his duty, by reporting in FAA pulled up in his Lincoln Porsche and keeps a jar of M&M's on his good conacience something in the sky that Continental. organized desk. Kibe wanted to !mow if it wasn't supposed to be there, he brought This would be Jim Derry, a steely, was true. public controversy upon himself and em- bulky, bearded man without hair, who Steucke looked back five weeb in his barrassing scrutiny within a profesaion was once an adviser with the Army's files and told him, "Yeah." It had com- that is highly conscious of image. Special Forces in Vietnam. He, security pletely slipped his.mind. Kibe was we!- The FAA, meanwhile, did not want to agent Ron Mickle and James Wright from- come to come over -Steucke would give encourage public hysteria by cavalierly flight standards ran the crew around the him whatever information was available. releasing information whose meaning it block a couple of times on whet they'd After all, this was Alaska. You ask a could not ascertain. It also did not want to seen. "We weren't really sure whet we straight question up here, you tend to get cast aspersions on the crew -it had no had," Derry said later. "Was it a security a straight answer. reason to -or create the impression that situation, or a violation of air space? It Steucke had no idea what he was about it had anything to cover up, because it was just a strange thing." to get into after the holi~ even after didn't. The FAA just didn't kr!ao. Derry judged the captain to be "a very Jeff Berliner of United Press Intema- It wu a Joae..lose situation. stable, competent profeaionaL" He was tional in Anchorage called, wanting to sure he Wll8 concerned. "l~s like driving . !mow about this JAL sighting that was HE AIR FORCE HAD down the highway on an empty road and making the papers in Tokyo. Steucke got. spent 22 maddening years all of a sudden four lighta come up over the file out again:. Berliner talked to Jim investigating UFO reports your left windshield and follow you for an Derry, probed a little deeper and filed.a before closing down the hour," said Derry. "It gets your story that nigh_t that was transmitted last government watchdog, attention." nationwide. Project Blue Book -and The first officer and flight engineer The next day reality set in. The phones the FAA had no interest in hadn't had as cleat or sustained a view as rang and rang and rang. It reminded picking up where the re- the captain. ''But what they saw, they saw Steucke of the first big story he had treating Air Force had left pretty much the same," Derry said. He handled three weeb after taking this job off. The UFO issue had made notes, judged the crew to be namal, in 1983,,when a Korean Air Lines Boeing lent itself too readily to prof f!S11ional, rational, no drug ar alcohol DC-10 taking off on a foggy day had fantasy and hou; ·it was inooluement. ..• ~ed down the wrong runway, in the impossible to control Its history bad been It didn't seem to Derry that any further wrong direction, and run over a Navajo protracted, complicated and attended to investigation would be warranted by se- twin-engine commuter flight with eight by myriad panels and projects that passed curity. "There was nothing there," he people on h9ard. The office was inundat- the hot potato around without settling said, "to indicate that anything waa inse- ed with inquiries, day and night, until anything-a scenario laid out in The cure." If anybody decided to do anything, Steucke could get the news out that no · UFO Contrweny in America, a 1975 book it would have t.o be the people at flight one had been killed. . by Temple University profeeaor David standards, or air traffic contzol But this story was far more idiosyncrat- Michael Jacobs. INQUIRER - ;Ground control:· Do you still have · the traffic? JAL: Affirmative. Nine o'clock. Project Blue Book had been preceded by Project Sign, Project Grudge, Project Twinkle, with the high point of Air Force involvement occurring in 1952. There had been a tremendous number of UFO re- ports that year -including radar scope sightings, later deemed inaccurate, that led the Air Force to scramble jets to intercept UFOs above the nation's capi- ta!. So the CIA convened a panel of five distinguished nonmilitary scientists - the Robertson Panel -to examine whether the sightings threatened national security. After 12 hours of study over three days, the panel concluded that the real danger didn't seem to be the UFOs. The real danger was t!:e UFO reports - · seemingly more credible because of the Air Force's sustained interest -reports that could expose the public to "psycho- logical warfare" and "skillful hostile pro- paganda" that might "induce hysterical behavior and harmful distrust of duly · constituted authority."-The Rusfilans would surely get us. Informed critics argued that the gov- ' ernment was going about the investige- tion all wrong, that investigators were preoccupied with the potential threat to national security-this was the '50s, after all, the height of the Cold War - · and not with serious scientific analyses of the thousands of cases from all over the world. But no matter what the Air Force people did, certain UFO quarters rou- tinely suspected them of orchestrating elaborate cover-upe. The flying-saucer business was the big- gest public-relations headache in Air Force history. Finally, the Condon Com- mittee, an academic group convened in 1966 to come up with a nonmilitary read on the situation, siiid exactly what the Air Force wanted to hear -knowledge wouldn't be advanced by further study, and Project Blue Book should be put to sleep~ It waa, in 1969, and the examination of UFOs pellleci into the hands of independ- ent reeearchera and private organizations such as MUFON and CUFOS-the Mutual UFO Network based in Seguin, Texas, and the J. Allen Hynek Center for UFO Studies in Glenview, fil The van- guard of current research centers on increasing reports of abductions that in- volve tnumatic medical examinations on members of different generations of the same families -hair-thin needles iiisert- ed up the nose, plugs of skin taien from backs, arms, legs. No....., the FAA had no interest in arousing history's tendency to repeat it- self. The government bad learned its l!lfl80n well: The emotional, ungainly is- sues related to unidentified flying objects were in no. way conducive to bureaucratic control · continued on Page 24 . l ~ '· 11 -~ J I .. E"'7 time the public affairs guy doled out information, the story ballooned- the believers are trying to keep the possibility alive." THE INQumIES KEPT COM- ing -mostly from the media and some from independent UFO in- vestigators like Richard Haines, a compect. precise, polite Califor- nia scientist in wire-rimmed bifo- cals who still pulls out chairs for women. When people called Steucke with scientific questions, or Wllllting to know about other pilot sightings, he sent them to Haines. _During the day, Haines works at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View as chief of the Space Human Factors Office - they're helping design the inte- rior of the space station as well as new space suits. At night and on weekends, at his own expense, he tries to keep track of and explain high-altitude sightings like Capt. Terauchi's - his hobby for 20 years. He thinks pilots make good subjects: highly stable, highly trained, highly motivated, scien- tifically inclined, and unlikely to make casual reports of strange sightings, because of the potential to be embarrassed among their pee?S. Plus, an airplane comes with instruments that can record phenomena -"a flying laborato- ry," says Haines. Over the years he has looked into 3,000 pilot-sightings and ex- plained 2,500 of them as illusions or misidentifications of atmos- pheric phenomena. ''But none- theless," he says, "I have quite a few that are very unexplained, I would say 500." The Alaska sight- ing is ooe-of lliem -but he says the only really unuaual thing about it was the publicity. "Peo- ple tend not to know about the others." - Like the dozen or so UFOs that six Brazilian .jet fighters chased for half an hour last May after the object.a registered on radar in Sao P-aulo. Or the young Australian pilot Haines has just written a book. about -who in. 1978 re- ported a strange craft in his vicin- ity, then disappeared,. while flying in a Cessna to bey some crayfish far a party. Haines heard about the JAL sighting and proceeded to edu- cate himself about the relevant radar syst.ems and the dynamks of the Boeing 747. He got hold of wind aloft charts and weather phoiogmphy. He worked the phones: Elmendorf, Steucke, Derry, JAL; the .. pilot and first. officer of the United jet. And he . ' interviewed Cilpt. TarauChi far three boors by t.elephone with the help of a Japanese friend who is a pilot with a Plill. in engineering. When Haines asked Teranchi how the two object.s he first saw had moved in space, the captain said, "They move together as if they have a common center of gravity, and they oscillate slightly with a random wavering motion." The inst.ant he flashed his landing lights at the United jet, whatever was fallowing him disappeared. "Whaddya mean, disap- peared?" Haines aaked. And Ter- auchi said: "The lights went out." I T WAS SOMETIME AFI'ER Haines spoke with the cap- tain that Philip Klass, an- other noted independent UFO investigator, advanced a widely published theory that the captain had actually been looking at Jupi- ter, and maybe Mars. It was late in January by then. For many years, until his semi- retirement last June, Klass had been the senior avionics editor of Aviation Week and Space Technol- ogy Magazine. And for more than 20 years, his hobby has been to investigate "seemingly mysteri- ous or famous UFO cases," he says. "I have emerged -it sounds immodest, but I think it's true - as probably the leading skeptical UFO investigator in the country, if not the world," he says. "After 21 years, I have yet to find a case that I did not believe could be explained in prosaic or earthly terms. Because of this.position, if there is an important new UFO case, I cannot afford to ignore it, if you will It's sort of as if Sherlock Hohnes were a real person living today, he couldn't afford to ignore Jimmy Hoffa's complete disap- pearance or other such seemingly mysterious crimes." - Klass didn't interview the pi- lot, beeam& after 1-ing him OD Larry King's late-night radio show, he says, ''it was evident that he is not too skilled in Eng- lish, and I don't speak Japanese." But his FAA contacts enabled him to "read and make erlensive notes" of a transcript af the taped conversation between the cockpit and tlie ground Tl1en he approxi- mated the southeasterly direction in which the captain and crew were looking, consulted "a profes- sional astronomer," and worked out a theory: Jupiter was extremely bright and visible in the direction af the reported UFO, and Maza was just below and to the right of Jupiter, which could explain the pilot's initial report af two lights. "Jupiter was only 10 degrees above the hori7.0ll, making it ap- conttnued on next page /flIE.SPIRITOFMASSACmJsEITS GREATV.AEUE GETAWAY GUIDE 'PLANA GETAWAY. To find the best vacation values in Mas.53Chusetts, you11 want to tum to our new Great Value Getaway Guide. It's filled with special saving; on everything from friendly bed and breakfasts to glittering 5-star hotels. From Baiton to the Berk- shires. From Cape Ann to Cape Cod and the islands. 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It focused only on the very end of the 50-minute episode, and did not take the crew's entire experi- ence into account. "There's no way it could be a planet," he says. ''The autopilot was flying the airplane in a straight line. Terauchi tells me that the object first appeared at 12 o'clock, then moved out rather quickly to 10 o'clock or 10:30 before it came back again." That's not Jupiter, he says, because Jupiter doesn't move. "If the airplane is stable . . . and Jupiter is stable, it doesn't ex- plain this bnsiness" of the objects moving back and forth. Besides, he says, the objects were way too big to be planets. When the story about Klass' Jupiter theory came over the wires at the Anchorage Daily News, Hal Bemton called up Ter- aucbi The pilot was adamant - be bad recognized Jupiter during the flight, and whatever had -=======================================--rr=========:::;--1 tailed him was no planet. can•t Climb Stairs? Your name on a Hieroglyphic Pendant. Handmade in Egypt. Silver from $40 18k Gold from $150 1-800-237-3358 Call for Information Allow 6-8 wks Delivery IEACll .. HEIGHTS •YO.SCHOOL Alm COLLEGE mowmrrs Schedule INQUIRER <:::: THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER MAGAZINE .WI 854-5416 NIW'& llll lilnl 11 lallll lllirflfts/ llmllrs ii ylUI' llOlllJ • Easy to Operate • Installed with No Damage • smooth Rkflng. • Immediate lnstallatlon • Dependable service and Maintenance • Free Cost l!Stlmate llllOor-- . united Lift Rental Company no A<W• 1.q111 -111o11111 aoo 682-otn Klass laughed when told that the pilot had rejected his explana- tion: ''This is par for the course. When a person is a dedicated UFO believer, as the pilot is and was, he'll always deny a prosaic explanation. You know, of course, that he's a UFO repeater." Klass was referring to the cap- tain's second interview with the FAA. When asked if the Nov. 17 sighting was the. captain's "first experience," the captain told of two other occasions. Once, from his home, he had observed bright lights for 10 minutes at what he judged to be 10,000 feet. And five years ago, on a cargo flight south of Formosa, "when we start.climb we saw lefthand side big mother- ship." But he said it was too ''weird," he wasn't feeling well, and be ignored it. Asked to comment on these remarks, Steucke said, "The fact that be saw a couple of other things, I think, is overweigbed by the balance of the fact that he's a captain for a large airline and has flown for a long time and has a great deal of responsibility." AT A CERTAIN POINT, THE FAA decided not to release any more information until all the material had been gathered and scrutinized. While the lid was on, Elias, the air-traffic manager, handcarried the radar disc pack to Washington and picked up ~:<-' Harvey Saffer, the F AA's director of Air Traffic Evaluations and Analysis. Their mission wa5 to takeafinalgoodlookattheradar returns, with tbe help of the staff at the FAA Technical Center in Atlantic City. The computer there could regenerate the signals into a pattern by stringing them together like pearls. . They looked and looked and looked at it. They played the radio tapes, trying to re-create the actual scenario. Five times they looked at it. "We come to the conclusion," says Elias, "that, uh, you know ... we can't confirm nor deny. If the [crew] had never said any- thing, we would have said, 'We see that every day.' " It would have been passed off as a split beacon or ''uncorrelated target." This occurs when the signal coming off the skin of the air- plane B.ild the signal coming out of the airplane's transponder don't hit the ground at exactly the same moment. ''It's just like an echo," says Elias. On the radar seope, it looks like a little dot next to the slaab that represents the airplane. Elias noticed one odd thing: The dots jumped around in relation to the slash. It wasn't unheard of, but it wasn't usual either. What may have caused the split beacon was not determined. But both Steucke and Elias agreed that the coincidence was ' extraordinary - a crew reporting something outside their window and on their cockpit radar, at the same time that both the military and the FAA were receiving inter- mittent radar signals in the plane's vicinity. Steucke passed off the syncbronicity of events as "ironic." Says Elias: "You can't be abso- lutely positive. That's an honest answer . ... The FAA is not saying it positively, absolutely, without a shadow of a doubt, is a split beacon. . . . We neither confirm nor deny." Elias returned to Alaska with his inconclusive results. "The Ad- miral," FAA administrator Don- ald Engen, an old jet pilot, wanted to be kept abreast of what was what, so Elias and. the con- troller briefed him by phone. And someone on Harvey Saffer's staff briefed the presidential science adviser. BY THIS TIME, ALL THE MA- terials related to the Nov. 17 sighting were trickling into Paul Steucke's office from half a dozen different places, and he sched- uled a news conference for March 5 in Anchorage. He also drew up an extraordi- nary order form of materials re- lated to the sighting - Teraucbi's narrative report, foi instance ($LIO), or tapes of con versations between ground con I I The pilot was adamant- whatever had tailed him was no planet. trol and the JAL ($50), or inscrutable 8-by-10 glossy blow- ups of radar signals ($10). The deluxe package cost $194.30 - the ultimate inside look at this increasingly bizarre little inci- dent. A story about it ran over the wires. There were hundreds of re- quests for various parts of the package. More than a few wanted the whole thing. And everybody wanted it right away. T HE FULL AND FINAL news conference that was intended to kill this story once and for all was an anticli- mactic event at which the FAA released two pounds of docu- ments a:iid no conclusions. It took · place in a spacious room with an American flag in a comer, and unfathomable diagrams of air- planes and radar signals up on the white boards that lined the room. Steucke was the only FAA per- son available to answer questions. He had called up the Air Force people, and "they told me three things to say": Their radar signal was clutter, there was no scram- ble, and there is no investigation. And none of the F AA's technical people would be there to answer questions, he said, because, "frankly, they're gun-shy as hell about it." Besides, the FAA was not in the UFO business, would not be in · the UFO business in the future, and did not intend to conduct a scientific investigation, he said. "We pursued this from what I would call ari operational systems view . . .. We were out to deter- mine if there was another aircraft there, which we were not able to do one way or the other." He did mention a couple of other unusual, far less-dramatic pilot sightings above Alaska, but the bottom line on this one was that tlie safety of the air traffic control system had not been com- promised -case closed. EPILOGUE RICHARD HAINES HAS moved on to other sightings by pilots. The Alaska sighting "will go down as a good case," he says. "Not the best. But a good solid case" for which "there is no logi- cal explanation." But he's afraid the publicity it generated will discourage. pilots from reporting unwruaJ phenomena -if they realize that whatever they tell ground control could be turned . over to the Amerian public, for a fee. Back in February he received a post card from Capt. Terauchi, who apologized for not answering Haines' follow-up letters. "Sorry for the delay," the captain wrote, "but things are getting hot" - don't call me, I'll call you. Erland Stephens, the shift su- pervisor in the control room .the night of the sighting, has had some medical problems and is.on sick leave. He says that if he had been in Capt. Terauchi's position, he would have kept his mouth shut, or told what he had to tell as a humorous story. _ Carl Henley, who handled the JAL flight that night, wants you to know he's just an air traffic controller who likes his job. He'd like to talk to Capt. Terauchi one day -he feels they' ve been through something together - and find out whether there was anything he could have done for the pilot that he didn't do. Paul Steucke and his wife went out to dinner to celebrate on the night of the final news confer- ence. Life was good. Two galleries in Alaska were carrying his artwork, he was flirting with a third in Honolulu, and he was about to be named a federal em- ployee of the year in a competi- tion involving 30 U.S. agencies in the Anchorage area. And Capt. Kenju Terauchi, the veteran pilot who did his duty and reported what he saw, has moved back to Tokyo after three years in Anchorage, where he had liked to fish for red and silver salmon. The easy speculation is that he decided to distance him- self from an event that had caused him more harm than good. But JAL insists the move was a routine rotation. The captain left instructions with the airline to tell anyone who calls that he stands by his acqiunt -and does not wish to give it again. Anchor- age Daily News reporter Hal Bernton was left with the impres- sion that Terauchi felt he got hung out to dry. The pilot grew more reticent with each conversa- tion; he seemed frustrated. But he remained convinced that Flight No. 1628 had indeed en- countered something highly ad- vanced technologically, and unlikely to have originated on Earth. " I can't understand the tech- nology," he told Bernton, "but it was not dangerous." If there is a next time, Terauchi said, he might try blinking his wing lights four times, then twice more - "Hi" in Morse code. And perhaps one day, someone else will see what he saw, he said, and his controversial experience will take on new meaning. "I think," said the captain, "we have to keep this record." D SALE EN Choose from over 400frames Choose from dozens of sofas, love 5eats, sleepers, chairs, sectionals and recliners at prices ranging from NE 7 Choose from over 800 fabrics $499 to $t,OOO. You get a ... WE HAVE THE SELECTION YOO MAKE THE CHOICE. Choose from hundreds of fabrics which are guaranteed against wear and our frames are guaranteed for life. Now you can get your ... Custom sofa at non custom prices PA. ~ ... 4007 W'llllom Pean Annua -._ (210) 258-MOO __ ... Rt. l -Vii mil• n011h ot OJ:tord VaileT Mall (210)043-43'10 l.UllDC>Orn. ... Noel Schmidt F'umltu. ... 32 E. lalttmore Annu. (21S) 6 26-J lqq ~ .... Rt. 30 near Rt. 29 2 miles west ot Paoli (215) 296-3431 llOWl'QOllD'T'f PA· ~.~~cs:f (215) 362·5'55 PlllLADa.l'lllA I'& New Market -2nd a: Pine Acrou from Rusty Scupper ( 21S) 925-887 1 POTn1'C>ll1I. I'& • 1 , 36 a!J~~rra=~::s. (215) 327.()022 WlllftlUI&, •& 2321 Mac:Arthw Road 2 blocb nor1h ot mall (215) 437-7817 DEL WIUllll<ITOll. DIC 39051'.irJcwood RlOhwaJ' (l02)095-7lm Custom furniture delivered In 35 days ll&DOOS RDSKnrJU ~~c.l'l= (600) 547-4625 lolllLYllU. IU R.B. Corson co. 19 Flloh StrH't (600) 025-0041 O CoPTfl'Jht 19?9 Chotc • Seatmg. lnc I I I J REGENERATED RADAR IMAGE OF NOV. 17TH, 1986 JAL #1628, ALASKA PHOTO BY P. STEUCKE, 1-7-87 REGENERATED RADAR IMAGE OF NOV. 17TH, 1986 JAL #1628, ALASKA PHOTO BY P. STEUCKE, 1-7-87 ) J REGENERATED RADAR IMAGE OF NOV. 17TH, 1986 JAL #1628, ALASKA PHOTO BY P. STEUCKE, 1-7-87 (Distance between dots, bottom of photo is 1/8 to 1/4 mile apart) REGENERATED RADAR IMAGE OF NOV. l 7TH, 1986 JAL #1628, ALASKA PHOTO BY P. STEUCKE, 1-7-87 /